Summer Allen: One

“The King will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.’ Matthew 25:40

“Research also suggests that people are more generous to individuals than to groups. In one study, people were most likely to donate money for a sick child’s medical care when presented with the child’s name, age, and photo rather than just an age or an age and a name.

However, another experiment in this study found that people donated more money to a single sick child than to a group of eight sick children, even when the children in the group had the same amount of identification (name, age, and photo) as the individual child.

One study suggests that this reduction of generosity toward groups is because people find the needs of larger groups to be emotion- ally overwhelming—so-called “compassion fatigue.” According to the study, however, “this effect can be counteracted by preemptively and explicitly instructing people to feel their emotions rather than dampen them.”

Summer Allen in “The Science of Generosity” White Paper produced by the Greater Good Science Center.

I arrived safely to Jamaica. Torrential rains in Kingston caused flooding (pictured above) so our logistics work took hours instead of minutes to set up four days of meetings. But, thankfully, we are ready.

John Roomes, GTP Regional Facilitator for the Caribbean, who lives here in Kingston, has done a fantastic job convening the Evangelical Alliance and the Jamaica Umbrella Group of Churches.

I never noticed the word “one” in this famous Scripture. I guess my mind always reads it as “whatever you did for…the least of these brothers and sisters of mine.”

The research makes sense that we realize we cannot help all the lost or the least, but in our minds, we reason that we can help one. I want to ask you to help one worker in Jamaica this week.

Based on travel, supplies, and meeting expenses including room rental and meals for hundreds of the top Christian workers in the country, I estimate the cost of helping one is about $90.

You can help that one ministry worker go from surviving to thriving and go from floundering to following standards. Click here to give $90 to empower one Jamaica ministry worker.

He is likely a great preacher who cares for the poor. But with a limited grasp of governance and administration, his church struggles. Lack of accountability has hindered generosity.

You can change that. We can do it together. Give $90 to GTP today.

I rejoiced greatly in the Lord that at last you renewed your concern for me. Indeed, you were concerned, but you had no opportunity to show it. I am not saying this because I am in need, for I have learned to be content whatever the circumstances. I know what it is to be in need, and I know what it is to have plenty. I have learned the secret of being content in any and every situation, whether well fed or hungry, whether living in plenty or in want. I can do all this through him who gives me strength. Philippians 4:10-13

“Several studies have found that people are more generous toward one specific, identifiable person than toward multiple or anonymous victims. This is called the “identifiable victim effect.”

In one study, people were more likely to give money to another participant who had lost money in the experiment if that person was identified by a number than when a participant was completely unidentified. Participants also donated more money to a family in need when they were told that the charity had already chosen which family would receive the money than when they were told that the charity would choose the family in the future.

Another study found that people who saw a photo of a starving girl and read a description of her gave more money to an anti-hunger charity than did people who read statistics about starvation in Africa. In fact, another experiment found that when statistics accompanied the girl’s photo and description, people gave less money than when the statistics were omitted — suggesting that not only do people give more to identifiable victims, learning statistical information about a problem actually suppresses generosity.”

Summer Allen in “The Science of Generosity” White Paper produced by the Greater Good Science Center.

I shot the header photo at Denver airport. When this posts I will be in Panama and connecting to Jamaica. This research inspires me to show pictures of the people I will serve there.

This also follows the example of Paul. He thanked the Philippians for their concern and for sending support for him. And I always wondered why the Scriptures so rarely mention amounts.

Perhaps it’s because that would suppress giving rather than unleash it. Back then, God wanted to see the Philippians give not according to Paul’s need but according to their ability.

The same is true now. So, the next time you see a person or hear of an opportunity to help, give not according to the statistics or the need but according to your ability.

And if you work for a church or charity, show pictures, share stories, and encourage people to give according to their ability to the things God cares about.

Thanks for your prayers for safe travel. And pray a blessing on my brother, David, today. He serves as president of Warner University in Florida and turns 60 today. Happy birthday David!

Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, especially to those who belong to the family of believers. Galatians 6:9-10

“In general, people are more generous and kinder toward people with whom they share some sort of affiliation — people who they see as members of their “ingroup.” In one experiment, participants were more likely to help an injured jogger who wore their favorite soccer team’s jersey than to help a fan of a rival team.

In another study, children as young as four to six years old gave more stickers to children who they were told shared their interests.

Fortunately, there is also evidence that whom we consider to be in our “ingroup” is not fixed in stone. Research has shown that we can prime people to experience feelings of relatedness and connection toward others who they may have otherwise seen as “outgroup” members — and thus become more generous toward them.”

Summer Allen in “The Science of Generosity” White Paper produced by the Greater Good Science Center.

I realize I referenced this Scripture three days ago, but I have returned to it today as it employs the “ingroup” and “outgroup” language. The Apostle Paul urged the Galatians to do good to all (including outsiders), especially the family of believers (which represents the insiders).

Is this showing favoritism or is might Paul have deeper objectives in view?

I think this text affirms the research. Allen reports that we can “prime people” to set aside the insider or outsider mindset and grow in generosity. I think that’s what Paul is doing with both the ingroup and the outgroup. He wants people to show love to brothers and sisters (insiders) as a witness to the watching world of how believers care for one another. But he also desires that they do good to all people (outsiders and insiders) to exhibit the opposite of favoritism and to show that God’s love is for everyone.

Take a few minutes with the Lord in a journal and list your ingroup and outgroup. How might you do good to both groups in your living, giving, serving, and loving?

And pray for me as I travel to Panama City, Panama on the night flight en route to do GTP program work in Kingston, Jamaica, arriving tomorrow. Thanks.

I have been invited to “prime people” to connect stewardship and standards and to show how they set up a peer accountability group like ECFA in USA to build trust and grow local generosity.

I need your help to do this. Please make a gift today to GTP. Click here to set up your monthly or one-time gift. Thanks.

And they exceeded our expectations: They gave themselves first of all to the Lord, and then by the will of God also to us. 2 Corinthians 8:5

“People are often most generous to the people they are closest to, such as their family members and friends, and are willing to sacrifice more for these people’s well-being than for lesser known individuals or strangers… It may also make us happier: Results from one study found that spending money on our closer social ties leads to more happiness than spending on weaker ties. However, not everyone looks at social distance the same way. People who were the most generous in a public goods game did not reveal as large a bias for those closest to them; neither did those who have donated a kidney to a stranger, so-called “extraordinary altruists.”

Summer Allen in “The Science of Generosity” White Paper produced by the Greater Good Science Center.

We expect people to be generous to family. And it makes sense that it makes us happier. But ost interesting today for me is the fact that “the most generous” were not biased toward family and friends.

They exhibit generosity to everyone.

The Macedonians give us a clue how to achieve such “extraordinary” generosity, which research shows expresses a willingness even to share a kidney. We give ourselves to the Lord first.

Father, we give ourselves to you afresh today. Help us exhibit extraordinary generosity to everyone. Amen!

Sow your seed in the morning, and at evening let your hands not be idle, for you do not know which will succeed, whether this or that, or whether both will do equally well. Ecclesiastes 11:6

“Several studies suggest that generosity can also be socially contagious. In one study, participants who watched others make generous donations donated more than those who watched others make stingy donations. Another experiment in this study found that when people observed empathic group responses to emotional scenarios, they were more likely to increase their own empathic feelings and to donate more money to a homeless shelter.

A different study, which involved a public goods game where participants could choose to act selfishly or cooperatively, found that every generous contribution that a participant made was tripled by other participants over the course of the experiment, suggesting that generosity can cascade through social networks.

In fact, the researchers found that a generous act by one person could inspire generosity in someone three degrees removed from them, showcasing how “each person in a network can influence dozens or even hundreds of people, some of whom he or she does not know and has not met.”

Summer Allen in “The Science of Generosity” White Paper produced by the Greater Good Science Center.

Solomon urges us to sow day and night because we do know know which seeds will take root and bear fruit. Here, the wisest person who ever lived tells us that our job is not to aim at results we cannot control but to do the righteous work the each of us can do.

For example, the farmer must focus on planting, watering, and cultivating, but even with all that work, outside factors like storms and pests can impact the harvest. That’s why God’s Word teaches us that God supplies the increase. He, not us, controls the results.

If we take that biblical idea and read it alongside today’s research, we see that our work impacts others and can even grow their participation in ways we cannot even imagine. It can touch others to the third degree removed, which represents people we have never met. How cool is that?!

So, while we may want to see certain results, let’s do the faithful work, day and night, that can lead to such fruits. And let’s pray God spread our impact to reach people “three degrees removed” from us, not by our might, but through fruitful people we could never predict.

Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, especially to those who belong to the family of believers. Galatians 2:9-10

“Studies suggest that our extended social networks and larger communities influence our generosity. For example, a survey of over 2,000 people found that people who had more friends were more generous—they more frequently engaged in behaviors like volunteering after an emergency or donating money, clothing, or blood.

Social networks and community integration appear to be especially important for encouraging volunteering. A survey of over 2,700 people found evidence that strong community ties promote greater time spent volunteering, and another study found that social connectedness, as measured by the number of different professional and social group meetings that a person attended, significantly predicted the number of hours that person spent volunteering, as well as the consistency of their volunteering and charitable donations.

A different study found that regions in Europe where people report more trust and social ties have higher volunteering levels.”

Summer Allen in “The Science of Generosity” White Paper produced by the Greater Good Science Center.

The science reveals that building community strengthens trust and grows both voluntary service and generosity.

In the first and earliest letter of the Apostle Paul, to the Galatians, he urged them to not grow weary in doing good to all people, especially the family of believers. Notice the emphasis on generous care for the community. This calls for both voluntary effort and charitable giving that nurtures trust and community. To do this at every opportunity also maximizes our Christian witness to the watching world.

What might this look like where you serve? If we want to see greater generosity then we need to start with building community and trust. This leads to greater volunteer service and giving. How might you encourage this in your context?

I shot the header photo above on my weekend getaway with my wife, Jenni, in Breckenridge, Colorado. It was beautiful. Getaways like this renew our strength for service so we don’t grow weary. They also remind us that when we empty ourselves our generous God can refill us again and again.

All a person’s ways seem pure to them, but motives are weighed by the Lord. Proverbs 16:2

“One example of how cultures differ in their attitudes toward generosity can be seen in a comparison between people in the United States and the United Kingdom, based on surveys of the giving practices and social attitudes of people from both countries. Studies of giving in the U.S. suggest that it is “heavily interlaced with self-interest, either directly through tax benefits, benefits from the supported charity, or social status; or indirectly through the achievement of social goals which one might desire, such as better child care, civil rights, better parks etc,” whereas the norm in Great Britain appears to be more altruistic: “They have traditionally rejected mixed motives for giving, and are quite suspicious—particularly of philanthropic giving— because it is so rarely able to live up to popular expectations of purely altruistic motives.”

Summer Allen in “The Science of Generosity” White Paper produced by the Greater Good Science Center.

It’s easy for us in our cultural settings to judge others as exhibiting “self-interest” or having wrong motives related to anything, such as their charitable giving. We must avoid this critical mindset.

For example, I got away to the mountains for a night with my wife. To some, that might be a selfish act, while others might see it as a strategic decision to rest and get quality time with my wife.

What’s my point today? Our cultures might label as suspicious any behavior that fails to conform to norms. We need to allow God to weigh our motives and aim only to please Him in everything we say and do.

Do not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God’s will is—his good, pleasing and perfect will. Romans 12:2

“Besides general social factors, research suggests that the culture in which a person grows up or currently lives also influences generosity. A study of children and adults from six different societies—the United States, Fiji, Central African Republic, Namibia, Ecuador, and Australia—used economic games to test how generous children of different ages were when that generosity came at a cost.

It found that very young children behaved similarly across cultures, but generous behavior began to diverge in middle childhood, when children appeared to start to conform to the norms of the adults of their societies. This finding suggests that although young children likely share a strong and universal proclivity for generosity, cultural forces can temper this impulse…

A different study examined the durability of cultural norms by measuring the frequency of charitable donations by immigrants and native-born people in more than 130 countries. This wide-ranging study showed that the generosity of immigrants was most strongly influenced by the norms of the countries where the immigrants settled, although there was still some remaining effect from their birth country”

Summer Allen in “The Science of Generosity” White Paper produced by the Greater Good Science Center.

This research reveals the impact of cultural factors on generosity. It affirms, perhaps, why the Apostle Paul would urge us not to conform to the patterns of this world. Cultural forces shape us in ways that undermine our Christian faith.

Rather than point fingers at other cultures, ask yourself what cultural forces aim to limit your generosity.

One culture might encourage hoarding while another might exhibit overspending. Some cultures practice sharing more openly than others. When we talk about these things we teach children to behave Christianly rather than culturally.

What can you do with your children or grandchildren to encourage greater levels of generosity and sharing? 

Jesus sat down opposite the place where the offerings were put and watched the crowd putting their money into the temple treasury. Many rich people threw in large amounts. But a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth only a few cents. Calling His disciples to him, Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the others. They all gave out of their wealth; but she, out of her poverty, put in everything—all she had to live on.” Mark 12:41-44

“One study asked participants to play a series of games in a computer lab where they were separated from other participants. For some of the games, participants had a stylized drawing of eyes (called “eyespots”) displayed on the computer monitor where they played the game. The eyespots substantially increased generosity: Almost twice as many people chose to give money to their partners after being confronted with the eyespots than gave money when they were not shown the eyespots.”

Summer Allen in “The Science of Generosity” White Paper produced by the Greater Good Science Center.

Today’s Scripture reminds us that Jesus sees our giving. He watched the giving with the disciples and made this profound comment that the widow “put more” into the treasury.

And the research reveals that “eyespots” increase generosity. Rather than read this as giving to be seen, let’s think of this realizing that Jesus and people around us are always watching us.

What message do we want our giving to send to Jesus? What do we want the children or peers around us to see who may be watching us? Let’s make sure the eyespots looking at us see sacrificial, loving generosity.

When I took the new header photo to start my day yesterday, on the sunrise walk with my dog, I prayed the Surrender Novena, entrusting my life to God and trusting Him to sort everything in my path.

What’s the connection to today’s post? Let’s live our lives for God who is always watching and seeing everything. Let’s also realize other people see and set a good and faithful example.

One person gives freely, yet gains even more; another withholds unduly, but comes to poverty. A generous person will prosper; whoever refreshes others will be refreshed. Proverbs 11:24-25

“Another social factor that influences generosity and has been a popular topic of research is reputation or social image. In one study, undergraduate study participants were given the opportunity to give money to and receive it from other anonymous participants. Before deciding whether to give to a particular partner, participants were provided with that person’s past donation decisions. Receivers with a history of past generosity received significantly more frequent donations, suggesting that people are more generous toward people whom they perceive as generous.”

Summer Allen in “The Science of Generosity” White Paper produced by the Greater Good Science Center.

Today’s Scripture reveals the counterintuitive and paradoxical nature of generosity in God’s economy. Those who give gain even more and those who don’t experience poverty.

And today’s research reinforces this. Good comes to those who give to others. I pray this truth motivates at least one person reading this to take steps to build a generous reputation.

I arrived safely home. Thanks for your prayers.  I am grateful to God that GTP now serves workers freely in 123 countries, turning dependency to discipleship and building trust to grow local giving.